Five years after the passage of the 2009 Regulatory Framework for Mobile Payment Services by The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), digital finance (mobile money/agent banking) has yet to take off in Nigeria. A nationally representative survey of Nigerians, conducted by InterMedia in 2013, found that only 0.01 percent of Nigerians have a mobile money account. Critics note regulation in the country prohibits telecoms from taking the lead in the rollout of digital finance as they have in East Africa, and suggest the lack of progress is due to their lack of involvement. Banks like EcoBank and FirstBank (as well as third party providers like Paga) are leading the charge, but are still plagued by some fundamental issues.